Differences between Type 1-6 chemical protective suits: explanation, standards and areas of application

The performance index

In addition to the CPS type, the manufacturer's information provides further details in the form of the performance index. The performance values are specified in classes from 1 (lowest requirement) to 6 (highest requirement) and document the test results for the material in the respective test procedures.

Among other things, the following are tested:

• Mechanical properties: These include the material's resistance to abrasion, tear resistance and puncture resistance. These values show how resistant the suit is to physical stress.
• Chemical barrier: The material's resistance to the penetration and permeation of various chemicals is tested. The performance class indicates how long the material can withstand a chemical substance.
• Comfort and ergonomics: Properties such as flexural strength (how often the material can be bent before it tears) and water vapour resistance (a measure of breathability) are crucial for wearability and durability.
• Specific protective properties: Specific tests such as the spray test or particle tightness test are carried out for the declared protection (e.g. Type 5 or 6), which must be passed in order to obtain certification.

The performance index is decisive for the suitability of a suit for a particular activity. A Type 6 protective suit, for example, can vary considerably in its mechanical properties, making it unsuitable for heavy-duty use, even if it would provide adequate chemical protection.

Selection criteria for the right CPS

Choosing the right chemical protective suit requires a comprehensive risk assessment. The type designation alone is only the first step.

The following criteria must be taken into account:

1. Type of hazard and protection objective (type):

Is there a hazard from gases/vapours (type 1), liquid jets (type 3), spray mist (type 4), particles (type 5) or only light splashes (type 6)?

Is additional protection against biological contamination or radioactive particles required? (This is covered by additional standards such as EN 14126 or EN 1073-2).

2. Chemical compatibility:

The suit material must be impervious to the specific chemicals used. The manufacturer's performance data on penetration and permeation are decisive here. A suit that protects against a certain acid may be completely unsuitable for a solvent.

3. Intensity and duration of exposure:

Is it a case of brief, accidental splashes or prolonged contact? The mechanical resilience (abrasion and tear resistance) of the suit must be appropriate for the situation in which it is used.

In the case of intensive exposure (high pressure, abrasive environment), materials with higher-quality barrier properties and workmanship may be necessary.

4. Ergonomics and comfort:

Heavy, gas-tight suits (type 1) cause high physiological stress. Lighter suits (types 4-6) offer greater freedom of movement. Water vapour resistance has a significant impact on heat build-up and wearing time. In addition

5. Combination with other PPE:

The transitions must be sealed. If antistatic protection is required, a continuous grounding circuit must be established (including ESD footwear and earthed flooring). Please note: Normal antistatic protective suits are not automatically approved for potentially explosive areas (e.g. Zone 0) – in such cases, specially tested ESD and ATEX-compliant suits are required.

6. Cost-effectiveness:

Although a Type 1 suit offers the highest level of protection, it is also the most expensive in terms of purchase, maintenance and handling.

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FAQ – Frequently asked questions about chemical protective suits

1. What are the differences between protective suit types 1-6?

The types of chemical protective suits differ in terms of their protective effect:

• Type 1 is gas-tight and offers the highest level of protection (e.g. against toxic gases).

• Types 3–4 protect against liquids, spray mist or pressure jets.

• Types 5–6 are suitable for particles and light splashes.

2. Can a chemical protective suit (CPS) protect against multiple hazards at the same time?

Yes, many suits are certified as combinations (e.g. Type 4-5-6). This means that they meet the requirements of several types and protect against spray mist, particles and splashes, for example.

3. What does the suffix/letter ‘B’ mean in types 3-B to 6-B?

The ‘B’ stands for biological protection in accordance with EN 14126 – e.g. against viruses, bacteria or infectious aerosols. Important for health services or contaminated areas.

4. Is a gas-tight Type 1 suit always the best choice?

Not necessarily. If there is no danger from gaseous substances, lighter types such as 4, 5 or 6 are often the better choice – they are not only more cost-effective, but also offer greater comfort and freedom of movement in everyday work.

5. What is the performance index for protective suits?

The performance index provides information about mechanical strength, chemical resistance, comfort and specific protective properties – classified in levels from 1 (low) to 6 (very high).

6. Can chemical protective suits be used multiple times?

Disposable or reusable?

• Type 1 suits are often reusable.
• Type 3/4 Available in both disposable and reusable versions, depending on the model and manufacturer.
• Type 5/6 Usually disposable – follow the manufacturer's instructions!

Important: Reusability also depends on the degree of contamination, decontaminability and mechanical stress.

7. Which EN standards apply to chemical protective suits?

Depending on the type, the following standards apply, among others:

• Type 1: DIN EN 943-1 and -2
• Type 3/4: DIN EN 14605
• Type 5: DIN EN ISO 13982-1
• Type 6: DIN EN 13034
• Addition ‘b’: EN 14126

8. Who decides which protective suit must be used?

The selection must be made by a qualified, competent person (e.g. safety officer) on the basis of a risk assessment that takes into account all operating conditions and hazardous substance data.